Conflicts linked to critical minerals and renewables in South America – the hydropower and copper cases through the energy justice lens

فصل «Conflicts linked to critical minerals and renewables in South America – the hydropower and copper cases through the energy justice lens» از کتاب «Energy Justice in Latin America» بر «معدن‌کاری مس» در حوزه «زمین‌شناسی، اکتشاف و معدن‌کاری مس» تمرکز دارد. مباحث اصلی آن شامل هدف‌گذاری اکتشاف و مدل کانسار است. این فصل برای تفسیر کانسار، هدف‌گذاری اکتشاف، ارزیابی ذخیره و تصمیم‌گیری زمین‌شناسی کاربرد دارد و ارتباط میان نظریه، انتخاب روش، شاخص‌های عملکرد و محدودیت‌های صنعتی را روشن می‌کند.

In this context, South America has experienced socio-environmental conflicts related to the exploitation of renewable energy sources and the damage caused by the mining of critical minerals to develop low-carbon energy technologies. This chapter examines the socio-environmental conflicts associated with hydropower and copper mining in Chile and Peru, two major copper producers with high shares of hydropower in their electrical systems, a much-discussed low-carbon energy source. These projects are then analyzed through the three core tenets of energy justice – distribution, recognition, and process – to identify the affected populations, ecosystems, and territories, as well as the institutional processes associated with the failures.